Introduction

Wildfires are growing more frequent and intense due to climate change, putting millions at risk—not just near the flames, but miles away as smoke travels. This guide outlines how to protect your lungs and support your community during wildfire season.

Health Risks of Wildfire Smoke

Smoke from wildfires contains gases and fine particles, particularly PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. Exposure can lead to:

• Eye, nose, and throat irritation
  
• Worsening asthma or COPD
  
• Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
  
• Decreased lung function, even in healthy individuals
  

Children, seniors, pregnant people, and those with chronic illnesses are most vulnerable.

Understanding the Air Quality Index (AQI)

Monitoring air quality is vital during wildfire season. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized tool used to communicate how polluted the air currently is or is forecast to become. Ranging from 0 to 500, higher values indicate worse air quality. Here’s what the different levels mean:

• 0–50: Good
  
• 51–100: Moderate
  
• 101–150: Unhealthy for sensitive groups
  
• 151–200: Unhealthy
  
• 201–300: Very Unhealthy
  
• 301–500: Hazardous
  

Tools like AirNow.gov and its wildfire smoke map can provide real-time data, helping individuals plan activities accordingly. Mobile apps and state-specific alert systems also offer push notifications when air quality changes.

Creating a Clean Air Space at Home

To protect your lungs indoors,

• Use Portable HEPA Air Cleaners: These devices can significantly reduce indoor PM2.5 levels within hours. Place them in commonly used rooms like bedrooms and living rooms.
  
• Upgrade HVAC Filters: Use a MERV-13 or higher-rated filter in your HVAC system. Keep the fan on continuously to filter more air.
  
• Seal Your Home: Close all windows and doors. Use weatherstripping to seal leaks around doors and windows. If possible, cover vents with damp towels when outdoor smoke is intense.
  

Some cities provide clean air shelters when conditions are severe.

Best Practices for Indoor Air Quality Maintenance

Once your indoor air quality defenses are set, ongoing maintenance ensures continued safety:

• Keep HVAC Systems Running: Set your HVAC fan to “on” rather than “auto” so air circulates continuously.
  
• Minimize Indoor Pollutants: Avoid burning candles, smoking indoors, or cooking with gas without ventilation.
  
• Limit Exhaust Fan Use: Bathroom and kitchen fans can draw polluted air into the home. Use them sparingly during poor air quality days.
  

By treating your indoor space like a protective barrier, you can significantly reduce exposure to harmful particles even during severe smoke events.

Best Practices for Outdoor Air Quality Maintenance

If you must go outside:

• Wear a Proper Mask: Use an N95 or KN95 respirator. Surgical and cloth masks are ineffective against PM2.5.
  
• Limit Time and Activity Outdoors: Keep trips short and avoid strenuous activities that increase lung exposure.
  
• Monitor Symptoms: If you feel tightness in your chest or experience shortness of breath, return indoors immediately.
  

Even with precautions, avoid complacency. Continuous exposure—even for brief periods—can accumulate and impact long-term respiratory health.

Special Considerations for At-Risk Groups

Children breathe more air per pound of body weight and tend to spend more time outdoors, which increases their exposure. Seniors may have preexisting health conditions that smoke can exacerbate. Individuals with asthma, bronchitis, COPD, or cardiovascular disease need to follow stricter protective measures.

• Keep medications accessible and up to date
  
• Create emergency medical access plans
  
• Limit outdoor activity and monitor symptoms
  

How to Prepare in Advance

• Assemble an Emergency Kit: Include masks (N95 or better), battery-powered air purifiers, medications, inhalers, and first-aid supplies.
  
• Prepare Your Home: Install weatherstripping, stock up on high-quality air filters, and identify a room you can isolate as a clean air zone.
  
• Stay Informed: Sign up for local alert systems, bookmark air quality tracking tools, and follow local emergency agencies on social media.

Workplace and School Safety

• Monitor AQI and adjust outdoor recess or physical education accordingly.
  
• Keep windows closed and air systems running with clean filters.
  
• Communicate regularly with parents about safety measures and symptom awareness.

Mental Health Considerations

Wildfire seasons can trigger stress and anxiety. Manage emotional health by:

• Staying connected with loved ones
  
• Practicing mindfulness or breathing exercises
  
• Seeking mental health support when needed
  

Nutrition and Hydration for Lung Support

Support respiratory health with:

• Anti-inflammatory foods like berries, leafy greens, turmeric, and fatty fish
  
• Drink plenty of water to help thin mucus and clear toxins
  
• Supplements like omega-3s and vitamin C (consult a doctor first)
  

When to Seek Medical Help

See a doctor if you experience:

• Breathing trouble
  
• Persistent coughing or wheezing
  
• Chest pain or dizziness
  

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical care immediately. Local urgent care centers and emergency rooms may see spikes in visits during high-smoke periods, so early intervention is crucial.

Community Support and Volunteering

• Sharing air quality updates
  
• Donating masks and filters
  
• Volunteering at shelters or relief centers
  

You can make a difference by:

Trusted Information Sources

• AirNow.gov
  
• Local health departments and emergency agencies
  
• The National Weather Service
  

How to Help Fire-Affected Communities

Support relief through trusted groups like:

• Salvation Army Wildfire Relief
  
• American Red Cross
  

Conclusion

Staying healthy during wildfire season requires vigilance, preparation, and a strong understanding of air quality risks. From setting up clean indoor spaces to staying informed through reliable sources, the steps you take now can protect your lungs and your life. Share this information, support those affected, and take proactive steps to safeguard your health. When entire communities work together, resilience becomes a shared achievement.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new exercise program.